Heather, Peter (2006). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians (ấn bản 2). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-515954-3.
Drinkwater, John F., "The usurpers Constantine III (407-411) and Jovinus (411-413)", Britannia 29 (1998:269-98).
Michael Kulikowski, "Barbarians in Gaul, Usurpers in Britain" Britannia 31 (2000:325-345).
